Properties of Bulk Matter: Bulk matter is a fraction of matter composed of sufficient building blocks (elementary particles, atoms, molecules, etc.). A general statistical description is appropriate, defined by bulk properties such as temperature, viscosity and elasticity. These are also called material properties or macroscopic properties. Bulk material is composed of a single phase or a mixture of phases.
By bulk material, we mean the quantity of material. We have seen, touched or weighed. At a particular given temperature and Pressure, A substance is solid, liquid or gas. Water, a well-known substance, is a solid (ice) at 1 atm pressure and temperature 0 ˚C and below.
Properties of Bulk Matter
Water is a liquid between 0˚C and 100˚C and above 100 ˚C. It is gas (in the form of steam or water vapor). The solid, gaseous and liquid states of a substance are called phases. When a substance melts (or solidifies), It is said to undergo a boiling (or freezing) phase. Change We discuss phase changes in more detail later in this note. There can be three phases of matter. Briefly explained as follows.
Solid:
A solid is a rigid macroscopic system with a definite shape and volume. It consists of particle-like molecules connected by molecular bonds. Each molecule vibrates at an equilibrium position, but a molecule is not free to move within the solid. A solid is nearly incompressible, meaning the atoms are as close as they can.
Liquid:
Like a solid, a liquid is almost incompressible. Fluid flows and deforms to fit the shape of its container. Molecules are held together by weak intermolecular bonds and are, therefore, free to move around.
Gas:
Each atom in a gas moves through space as a free, non-interacting particle, occasionally colliding with another atom or with the wall of the container. A gas, like a liquid, is a fluid. It is highly compressible, meaning there is a lot of space between molecules.
In continuum mechanics, a deformation changes from a reference configuration to a current configuration. A configuration is a set containing the locations of all cells in a body.
Properties of Bulk Matter Notes
The shape of an object is a geometric description of the portion of space occupied by the object. A determined Change in shape due to force is called deformation. Even small forces can cause some deformation. Objects under the action of external forces undergo deformation. It could be crushing, twisting, tearing or breaking the object. In physics, two terms describe the force exerted on deformed objects: stress and strain.
Properties of Bulk Matter Notes for Neet
Pressure and stress
The quantity that describes the magnitude of the forces causing the deformation is called stress. It is defined as energy per unit. Stress is of different types:
•Tensile stress – when forces pull on an object and cause it to stretch, such as stretching a rubber band.
•Compressive stress – It will create when forces result in the compression of the object.
•Bulk stress – when the object is squeezed from all sides, such as a submarine at the bottom of the ocean.
•Shear stress – deformation stress is a type of stress acting tangentially to the surface of an object.
Conclusion:
The properties of bulk matter include pressure, stress, elasticity, Hooke’s and Pascal’s law, viscosity, surface energy, etc., and other fluids. Stress is the internal restoring force acting on a deformed body per unit area.
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